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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  dt6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-§tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


n 


n 


D 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  "ouverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 


n 
n 

D 


V 


D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicuides 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddculor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  detach^es 

Showthrtu>gh/ 
Transpaib'  see 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualit^  inegale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


^ 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  reut  causer  de  i'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  lonj  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 


n 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t^  film^es  d  nouveau  de  fagon  k 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

SOX 

v/ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


tails 

du 
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une 
mage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g§n6rosit6  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  r^'iivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  qratii>  soi^,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  film^s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  term'nant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commengant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entiiiily  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  filmd  i  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  pren&nt  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessairo.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


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NIAGARA  FALLS  IN  SUMMER.— Niagara  Falls  is  between  Lalces  Erie  and  Ontario,  distant  about  twenty  miles  from  BulTalo.  „  Niagara  River  has  a 
total  fall  of  three  hundred  and  thirty  feet,  in  the  thirty-six  miles  of  its  course  as  follows:  The  smaller  Rapids  above  the  Falls,  fifteen  feel;  the  principal  water- 
fall, one  hundred  and  sixty  feet;  the  large  Rapids  below,  fifty-five  feet,  and  from  the  Falls  to  Lewiston,  through  the  gorge,  one  hundred  feet.  The  summer  time 
clothes  the  margins  of  the  the  Falls  with  beautiful  verdure,  and  it  is  then  that  they  are  visited  by  the  largest  number  of  tourists,  drawn  to  this  wonder  spot  from 
all  countries  of  the  world. 


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RAPIDS  ABOVE  THE  FALL,  AMERICAN  SIDE.— This  view  represents  the  full  breadth  of  the  river,  between  the  American  shore  and  Goat  Island,  and  the 
tumultuous  character  of  the  rapids  on  the  American  side.  The  bed  of  the  Niagara  River  at  this  point  is  a  succession  of  shelves,  from  which  in  many  places  large 
rocks  project  to  within  a  few  feet  of  the  surface.  As  die  river  contracts  and  shallows  it  increases  in  velocity  and  becomes  a  seething  cauldron,  boiling,  fossing, 
leaping  and  swirling  in  mad  abandon  and  irresistible  force. 


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AMERICAN  FALL  FROM  GOAT  ISLAND.— Luna  Island,  the  point  of  which  is  shown,  cannot  be  reached  by  carriage,  for  it  is  accessible  only  by  a  foot 
bridge  that  connects  it  with  Goat  Island.  It  is  a  dainty  little  bit  of  soil  and  verdure,  gradually  wasting  from  the  gnawing  waters,  and  in  another  century  it  may 
be  eaten  away  entirely.        Goat  Island,  however,  will  remain,  for  it  is  both  large  and  rugged,  and  from  it  a  superb  view  of  the  American  Fall  may  be  obtained. 


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VIEW  OF  AMERICAN  FALL.— Niagara  Falls  at  one  time  presented  the  spectacle  of  one  solid  wall  of  water  emptying  the  entire  river,  but  centuries  of 
erosion  have  diverted  the  flow  until  now,  and  for  many  years  beyond  the  memory  of  man,  the  cataract  is  divided  into  what  are  lenown  as  Horseshoe  Fall  and 
American  Fall.  It  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  the  United  States— because  of  the  cieeper  channel  that  forms  the  boundry  line  oetween  this  country  and  Canada— 
to  acijuire  a  greater  share  of  the  Falls,  as  well  also  quite  three-fourths  of  the  islands  in  Niagara  River. 


BIRDS-EYE  VIEW  OF  HORSESHOE  FALL.— Tlie  Horseshoe  or  Canadian  Fall  extends  from  the  Canadian  shore  to  Goat  Island,  the  width  heing  estimated 
in  round  numbers  at  2,500  feet.  Th-;  perpendicular  height  of  this  Fall,  is  1S8  feet,  or  3  feet  less  than  the  yXmcrican  Fall,  a  discrepancy  tliat  is  caused  by  the 
slope  of  the  land.  It  has  been  roughly  estimated  that  1,350,000  cubic  feet  of  water  pass  over  these  falls  every  minute.  Near  the  center  of  the  Fall  there  is  pre- 
.Hente<l  a  rare  picture  of  Nature's  beauty,  in  the  shape  of  a  gigantic  plume  of  spray  that  dashes  into  the  air  for  a  humlred  feet.  It  is  caused  by  a  portion  of  the 
Fall  striking  an  immense  mass  of  rock  which  in  some  firmer  age  was  broken  from  the  center  of  the  precipice. 


UPPER  RAPIDS  AND  HORSESHOE  FALL.— The  Falls  o(  Niagara  may  be  viewed  from  a  luindreil  different  positions  and  yet  each  me  will  show  some 
point  of  advantage,  for  the  cataract  and  Rapids  are  so  immense  that  they  may 'not  be  comprehended  in  an  hour's  study,  nor  by  a  hasty  view.  The  camera  has 
caught  in  this  picture  an  expanse  of  perspective  that  extends  far  beyond  what  are  known  as  the  Upper  Rapids,  and  or.  the  right  shows  how  the  waters  are  drawti 
to  the  crotch  to  make  their  nlunge  in  greatest  vo'ume. 


HORSESHOE  FALL. — This  is  a  closer  view  of  the  Canatlian  or  Horseshoe  Fall.  While  it  is  called  Horseshoe,  the  curve  has  little  resemblance  to  a  horse- 
•hoe;  it  has  more  the  shape  of  an  inverted  letter  "A".  A  magnificent  rainbow  is  almost  constantly  playing  across  the  face  of  the  Fall,  occasionally  widening  so 
that  the  whole  'weep  of  its  prismatic  beauty  covers  the  Fall  like  a  projecting  arch  of  glory.  Lookmg  upward  at  the  massive,  frowning  cliff  with  the  spray  wet- 
ting our  faces,  the  roar  of  the  cataract  is  so  great  that  it  prevents  communication  save  by  signal  and  pantomime.  The  estimated  depth  of  the  water  where  it 
plunges  over  the  precipice  of  the  Horseshoe  Fall  is  20  feet. 


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THE  THREE  SISTER  ISLANDS. — The  Three  Sister  Islands  are  connected  to  Goat  Island  by  bridges.  They  have  witnessed  many  awesome  sights  since 
Niagara  Falls  first  became  known  to  the  world.  They  are  thiee  beautiful  little  islands  lying  like  emeralds  on  white  velvet  just  above  the  Falls.  Twenty-eight 
years  ago  William  McCollough  (ell  into  the  rapids  near  the  second  Sister  Island.  When  about  a  quarter  of  the  way  down  to  the  spot  where  he  was  to  be  hurled 
lo  death  over  the  brink  the  current  lodged  him  against  a  low  ledge  of  rock,  from  which  he  was  rescued  by  Conroy,  a  guide,  who  managed  to  reach  the  victini 
nitha  line 


il  \x  one  oi  tlie  >i^hts  of  Niagara.  !t  is  a  iieautitul  structure,  and  takes  tlic  place  of  several  pre- 
vious criule  \%o(Klen  affairs  that  served  as  passageways  in  tlie  past  three-(]uarters  of  a  century.  The  fir>t  briilgc  was  erected  in  1S17.  It  was  carried  away  by  the 
ice  the  following  spring.  t)thcr  bridges  were  erected  in  IMS,  lS3'.t,  1S4'J  and  IHSfi.  The  piers  were  formed  first  by  Imihling  a  massive  abutment  of  timber  on 
the  water's  edge,  from  which  were  [trojected  enormously  long  and  heavy  beams  of  limber.  I'hesc  were  secured  by  great  piles  of  stcine,  and  their  outer  ends  ren- 
dered steady  by  stilts  thrust  into  the  bottom  of  the  river.     A  platform  was  then  built,  loaded  with  stone  and  sunk,  and  on  this  a  pier  was  built. 


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LUNA  ISLAND  BRIDGE.  Another  beautiful  architectural  structure  is  the  hridge  to  Luna  Isla..d,  which  is  adjacent  to  Goat  Island.  It  was  while  climbing 
over  the  rocks  directly  under  this  island  that  the  only  accident  that  ever  occured  at  Niagara  by  the  falling  of  rock  happened.  Dr.  Hungerford,  of  Troy,  N.  Y., 
was  instantly  killed  by  a  mass  of  rock  falling  upon  him,  sixty  years  ago.  From  this  island  a  superb  view  of  the  river  below  the  Falls,  the  inclined  railway,  and 
in  the  distance  the  bridges,  is  to  be  obtained. 


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ON  THE  BBINK  OF  THE  CANADIAN  FALL.— Here,  better  than  anywheie  else,  can  he  seen  the  angular  shape  of  the  Canadian  Fall.  The  process  of 
erosian  is  clearly  visible  in  the  angle  near  the  left  of  the  Fall,  where  the  mighty  onrush  of  the  current  has  eaten  away,  bit  by  bit,  the  flint-like  substance  of  the 
precipice.  It  is  in  this  angle  that  the  water,  falling  with  the  accumulated  force  upon  a  mass  of  rock  half-way  down  the  precipice,  dashes  itself  back  again  as  if 
in  baffled  rage  at  the  obstacle.  We  are  now  viewing  the  Canadian  Fall  from  the  Canadian  side.  It  is  historic  ground.  A  mile  farther  west,  up  the  Niagara 
River,  but  within  sound  of  the  mighty  roar  of  the  Cataract,  was  fought,  ninety-three  years  ago,  on  the  2Sth  day  of  July,  1814,  the  battle  of  Lundy's  Lane, 
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THE  CANADIAN  SIDE 


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THE  LOWER  STEEL  ARCH  BRIDGE.— What  is  known  as  the  Gorge  is  crossed  at  its  narrowed  point  by  an  arch  bridge  built  in  1897  by  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway.  The  arch  is  of  550  feet  span,  and  supports  two  roadways,  the  topmost  for  trains,  and  the  lower  for  wagons.  A  fine  view  of  the  Rapids  may  be  had 
from  this  bridge. 


A  CLOSER  VIEW  OF  THE  LOWER  STEEL  ARCH  BRIDGE.— It  seems  almost  iiicieilible  that  the  slender  arrli  stretching  from  shore  to  shore  could  uphold 
the  weight  above  it.  A  close  inspection  reveals  the  fact  that  it  is  a  magnilicent  structure  of  steel  erected  upon  scientific  principles,  as  fo  tension,  resisting  power, 
and  other  technicalities,  supporting  great  loads  in  safety  above  the  stream.     This  bridge  is  a  9ani['k  of  the  wonderful  works  of  man. 


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A  TROLLEY  LINE  TROUGH  THE  OOROE.— The  ruggedness  and  picturesqueness  of  nature  about  Niagara  Falls  has  been  seriouslj  modified  by  the  arts  of 
man,  the  latest  invasion  being  the  construction  of  a  trolley  line  through  the  gorge,  starting  at  Prospect  Park  and  passing  close  to  Whirlpool  Rapids  and  the  river 
until  it  reaches  Queenstown  Heights.  The  ride  is  one  of  the  sensations,  of  pleasure  and  of  surprise,  which  sometimes  approaches  trepidation,  as  towering  rocks, 
looming  threateningly  over  the  tracks  cut  through  bluffs,  produce  a  feeling  of  insecurity. 


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WHtRLPOOL  RAPIDS  ABOVE  THE  BRIDGE.— IJpper  Whirlpool  Rapiils  are  about  three  miles  helow  the  Falls,  at  a  point  where  thr  gorge  is  so  narrow 
that  the  vast  How  of  water  is  lirought  smlilenly  into  a  constricteil  space,  which,  liv  the  rapi'l  current  is  caused  to  leap  fully  thirty  feet  above  the  natural  river  level. 
The  noise  of  this  tossing,  swirling,  foarnuig  struggle  of  niuililened  waters,  ilecemling  at  a  grade  of  one  huinlrcil  feet  to  the  mile,  and  a  depth  of  three  hundred  feet, 
is  truly  appalling  as  well  as  deafening.  The  canyon  walls  are  not  more  than  three  huridred  feet  apart,  ami  the  rushing  flow  between  them  is  at  a  speed  Oi 
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UPPER  STEEL  ARCH  BRIDGE.— Herewith  is  piesented  a  view  nf  the  Upper  Steel  Arch  Briilge,  with  the  milling  district  in  the  distance.       In  this  case  the 
iiipportiii);  arch   is  of  iloulile  ri)nstriictii)ii.     It  is  a  niagnilicent  piece  of  engineering  work,  and  is   used   for  trolley  trartic,  passengers,  and  carriages.    This  bridge 
replaced  the  old  SuspeiiMion  Bridge,  which  was  torn  from  its  fastenings  in  the  hurricane  of  January  10,  1H89.      On  the  floor  of  this  bridge  there  is  not  only  a  car 
ria^e  w->y.  I'u>  double  tracks  tor  trolley  cars,  and  wide  walks  for  pedestrians. 


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THE  CANTILEVER  BRIDGE. — The  Cantilever  Bridge  was  tlie  sectrnd  bridge  of  its  kind  to  be  erected  in  the  United  States.     It  was  seven  months  and  a 
half  in  building  and  was  rornpleted  December  1,  1883.     Its  total  length  is  910  feet,   and  it  is  iuuported  on  steel  towers  which  rise  130  feet  from  the  piers  on 
'" ~;ntral  Railroad.     The  bridge  m  the  distance  is  The  Lower  Steel  Arcli  Bridge. 


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either  side.     The  bridge  is  owned  and  operated  by  the  Michigan  Central 


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THE  WHIRLPOOL.— The  Whirlpool  is  a  mile  below  the  Rapids.  The  popular  conception  of  it  is  that  of  a  maelstrom,  a  vortex  of  water  swirling  in  grad- 
ually narrowing  circles  to  a  depressed  centre.  Instead  the  force  of  the  water  pouring  into  this  basin  raises  it  in  the  middle  to  a  distance  of  three  feet  above  the 
outer  surface.  The  Whirlpool  is  the  natural  result  of  the  mighty  body  of  water  rushing  into  a  confined  space  and  seeking  an  outlet.  Bodies,  driftwood,  every- 
thing in  fact  that  goes  over  the  Falls,  must  eventually  find  its  way  to  the  Whirlpool,  where,  after  circling  for  days,  perhaps,  it  is  cither  thrown  out  upon  the  bank 
or  is  carried  by  the  outlet  on  down  to  where  the  River  empties  into  Lake  Ontario, 


PANORAMA    OF    NIAGARA    FAI 

In  the  view  before  us  we  obtain  a  perfect  geographical  representation  of  the  sltnntion  of  Niagara  Falls  in  its  relation  to  the  Mirrouncling  country.       On   the  e\Ui 
rieht  is  Buffalo,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  left  is  Toronto,  on  Lake  Ontario,  ami  between   these  two  lakes   is  the  greatest  ami  most  impressive  natural  wonder  of  Amet 
Niagara  Falls  and  the  Gorge  of  the  Niagara  R.ver.       The  Niagara  River  forms  the  outlet   of  Lake  Erie,  descending  about  330  teet  in   its  course  of  thirty-six  miles, 
affords  a  channel  to  a  large  part  of  the  fresh  water  of  the  globe.       Its  current  is  swift  for  about  two  miles  after  leaving  Lake  Eric,  but  becomes  more  gentle  as  the  ch:ir 
widens  and  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  Grand  Island.     Below  this  islan<l  the  stream  is  two-and-a-half  miles  wide. 

About  fifteen  miles  from  Lake  Erie  the  river  narrows  again  and   the  rapids  begin,  flowing  with  ever-increasing  speed  until  in  the  last  three-quarters  of  a  mile 
the  Falls  they  descend  fifty-five  fe«  and  How  with  immense  velocity.       On  the  brink  of  the  Falls,  where  the  river  bends  at  right  angles  from  west  to  north,  the  channi 


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THE    SURROUNDING    COUNTRY 

lin  divided  hy  Goat  Island,  which  occupies  about  one-fourth  of  the  entire  w  idih  ot  the  River.  To  the  right  of  it  is  the  Amerirnn  Fall,  1060  feet  wide  and  167  feet  high, 
I  to  the  left  of  it  is  the  Canadian  Fall,  or  Horseshoe  Fall,  158  feet  high,  with  a  contour  of  3010  feet.  'I'he  voluinc  nl  water  which  pours  over  the  Falls  is  fifteen  million 
i iic  feet  per  minute,  of  which  probably  nine-tenths  goes  over  the  Canadian  Fall.  Below  the  Falls  the  river  contracts  to  about  1200  feet,  and  rushes  down,  foaming  and 
!:iiif;,  between  lofty  walls  of  rock.  Two  miles  further  down  it  is  barely  SOO  feet  wide,  and  at  the  Whirlpool  the  huge  volume  of  water  is  compressed  into  a  space  of  250 
'■  Within  seven  miles  these  lower  rapids  descend  over  100  feet,  but  at  Lewiston  the  river  once  more  becomes  wider  and  smoother.  The  best  method  of  seeing  the  won- 
>  of  Niagara  is  by  means  of  the  superbly  appointed  cars  ol  the  "tireat  Gorge  Route." 


PANORAMA  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NIAGARA  FALLS.— This  time  our  face;,  turn  northward.  Stretching  along  the  river  and  on  the  summit  of  the  bluff  are  to 
be  seen  a  few  of  the  wonderful  manufacturing  establishments  for  which  this  city  is  noted.  These  industries  draw  their  power  from  the  source  of  Nature  itself,  the 
rushing  waters  of  the  river  above  the  Falls, 


e  to 
the 


THE  MILLING  DISTRICT. — In  this  view  is  presented  a  few  of  the  watcifalls  not  niaile  hy  nature,  hut  created  hy  the  hand  of  man.  Any  one  of  these  rib- 
bon-like streaks  of  foam  on  the  face  of  the  rocky  cMff  anywhere  else  in  the  country  would  attract  attention.  They  are  <lwarfed  now  liy  the  majesty  of  the  greater 
"-"■      These  streams  are  the  result  of  draining  the  waters  of  Niagara  River  into  gigantic  sluice-ways  and  tunnels  which  drive  immense  masses  of  machinery  to 


Falls. 


generate  electricity  nnd  supply  heat  and  power  to  the  industries  upon  the  upper  crest  of  the  Gorge. 


THE  DEVIL'S  HOLE.— About  three  miles  from  the  Falls,  on  the  American  Side,  there  is  a  chasm  200  feet  wijf .  extnding  back  at  right  angles  about  600 
feet  from  the  edge  of  the  River.  In  this  ravine  is  located  the  "Devil's  Hole."  A  stream  finds  its  way  to  the  rive:  by  this  gulch,  which  bears  the  forbidding 
title  of  Bloody  Run.  It  acquired  its  name  from  the  fact  that  on  the  14th  of  September,  1763,  during  the  French  and  Indian  War,  a  wagon  train  of  British  was 
ambushed  near  this  spot.  But  one  man  of  the  ninety-six  in  the  party  escaped,  the  rest  being  slaughtered  by  the  Seneca  Indians.  The  little  stream  ran  blood- 
red  that  day,  and  hence  its  title. 


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AN  ARTIST'S  FANCY. — The  companion  uictures  are  reproductions  ot  a  painting  by  James  Francis  Brown,  who  uses  the  license  uf  his  profession  to  per- 
petuate a  ''gf"''  °^  ''"  Niagara  Indians,  and  to  give  embodiment  to  the  spirit  of  the  cataract.      The  ideas  are  distinctly  poetic,  as  they  are  gracefully  illustrated, 

FACT  AND  FICTION.— Among  the  legends  about  Niagara,  an  interesting  one  represents  the  Indians  as  holding  the  spirit  of  the  cataract  in  great  awe  and 
of  sacrificing  a  maiden  of  the  tribe  annually  by  sending  her  over  the  Falls  in  a  canoe  laden  with  fruits  of  the  earth  and  the  chase,  in  the  belief  that  such  an  offer- 
ing would  influenc;  the  spirit  of  the  waters  to  favnr  the  tribe  in  war  and  peace. 


RUSTIC  BRIDGE  TO  WILLOW  ISLAND.— A  plimpie  ot  nutic  Iil-  in  whiih  the  hand  of  man  is  plainly  visible  in  contact  with  the  hand  of  Nature  is  pre- 
sented in  this  bridge  to  Willow  Island.  It  spans  a  pbcid  bi^iiih  of  the  mighty  river,  and  yet  beneath  these  quiet,  smilinfc  waters,  death  lurks  in  the  current. 
So  it  is  all  around  here  ;  beneath  the  quicicsi  surface  there  is  moving  always  and  ever,  a  current  to  which  if  one  yields  himself  will  carry  him  to  certain  death. 


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MAIN  ENTRANCE  TO  PARK.     At  the  foot  ot  Falls  Street  you  enter  the  Park  proper.    On  the  right  is  the  Park  Commission  Administration  Building  and 
through  the  trees  can  be  seen  the  Inchned  Railway  Station.      This  picture  was  taken  i  i  the  late  autumn,  when  the  scenery  is  p.Trticularly  beautiful. 


AN  ICE  MOUNTAIN  AT  THE  FOOT  OF  AMERICAN  FALL.  — It  was  an  exceptionally  rold  winter  that  proiluccd  the  rcmarkalile  ice  turination  plioto- 
grapheil  ahove.  The  liase  of  the  niovintain  is  cakes  of  ice  tliat,  having  liecome  detached  above,  come  tuinhling  over  the  l)rink  and  gradually  accumulate  as  the 
•pray  freezes  as  it  falls  upon  them.  The-eafter,  the  weather  continuing  severe,  the  mountain  increases  rapidly  until  it  reaches  more  than  half  the  height  of  the 
cataract,  providing  vantage  points  for  visitors  to  observe  more  closely  the  grandest  thing  in  nature. 


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A  WINTER  SCENE  IN  PROSPECT  PARK. — Niagara  has  its  iarffest  patronage  during  the  summer,  (or  the  convenience  and  comforts  of  travel  arc  greatest 
at  that  season,  luit  the  Falls  and  their  stirrnimdings  are  equally  attractive  when  they  are  under  the  spell  of  severe  frigidity.  The  Park  is  especially  wonderful  to 
see,  when  it  is  coated  with  heavy  ice.  The  most  beautiful  and  fantastic  formations  of  nature  sculpturing  and  crowning  are  to  be  seen  during  winter  time. 
A  spray  rises  continually  from  the  Falls,  that  settles  on  the  ailjareni  trees,  where  winter  speedily  chills  it  into  crystal  forms  as  various  in  shapt  as  they  are 
exquisite  in  appearance. 


NIAGARA  FALLS  IN  WINTER.— Niagara  Falls  is  beaulifiil  in  its  granducr  .luring  summer,  licit  it  is  awesomely  wonilerful  when  winter  forms  vast  ice- 
bridges  below  the  tremendous  Fall,  and  piles  up.  with  paroxysm  of  impetuosity,  marvelous  ice  formations  that  take  on  a  thousand  fantastic  shapes,  to  astonish 
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THE  ICE  PALACE  AT  NIAGABA  FALLS.— Ice  palaces  are  not  uncommon  in  northern  latitudes,  but  nowhere  else  have  they  been  built  to  show  with  such 
exquisite  etfects  as  at  Niagara  Falls.  The  one  herewith  illustrated,  was  erected  on  what  is  known  as  the  State  Reservation,  and  had  dimensions  of  160  x  120 
feet.     Its  artistic  design  was  marked,  and  being  thoroughly  wired  tor  electric  illumination,  its  beauty,  especially  at  night,  was  almost  unexampled. 


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AMERICAN  FALL  FROM  BELOW— WINTER— Niagara  Falls  in  winter  is  as  great  an  attraction  as  Niagara  Falls  in  summer.  In  the  above  picture,  at  the 
base  of  the  Falls  are  piled  up  great  masses  of  ice  and  snow  which  take  the  shapes  of  turrets  and  castles,  of  domes,  spires  and  minarets.  The  formations  are 
caused  by  the  constant  falling  and  freezing  of  the  mists,  that  never  for  one  instant  of  time  are  absent  from  the  Falls. 


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INTERIOR  or  POWERHOUSE. -The  maximum  output  of  the  three  Power  Houses  up-to-dn'c  is  "0,000  h.  p.,  of  which  38,000  h.  p.  is  delivered  in  Buffalo, 

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the  Tonawandas,  Lockport,  Olcott  and  Fort  Erie,  and  52,000  is  used  locally.     The  total  outpuJ   .( 
approximately  10  per  cent  of   the  aggregate  output  of  all  the  central  electric  light  and  power  stu 
would  require  tne  daily  consumption  of  1,900  tons  of  coal. 


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three  plants  for  1905  was  432,075,554  killowatt-hours— 
the  United  States.     To   produce  this  output  by  steam,  it 


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THE  SUSPENSION  BRIDGE  FROM  QUEENSTOWN  TO  LEWISTON  — The  Suspension  Bridge  over  the  Niagara  River,  above  Lcwiston,  is  lOSO  feet  long, 
anil  stretches  60  feel  aliove  tiie  surface  of  the  water.  It  was  o[>ene(l  to  the  (niblic  in  July,  1891).  It  is  the  only  suspension  bridge  crossing  the  river,  the  otliers 
being  constructed  on  tlie  arch  or  cantilever  principle.  The  bridge  practically  connects  Lewiston  on  the  American  side  and  Queenstown,  named  after  Queen 
Charlotte,  on  the  Canadian  side.      The  first  Suspension  Bridge  at  this  point  was  erected  in  IKSO,  and  was  wrecked  by  a  hurricane  in  1865, 


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